AIDS TO LEARN ENGLISH

INFORMATION SHEET 1A

Info sheet on     this,  that,   these,  those, they

 This  is used for things near

That is used for things far away.

Commonly this, that are used for things and rarely for persons,  For persons, he or she is used both for near and far.

This is a book. That is a tree.  OK, This is Jaya. That is Meera.  Ok  But better will be:  She is Jaya. She is Meera,

 Similarly,

 This is Ali. That is David. OK But better will be: He is Ali. He is David,

 This [singular]            these  [plural]

That [singular]            those  [plural]

He  [singular]            they   [plural]

She [singular]            they   [plural]

Examples :

What is this?     This is Karanji Lake.

What is this?     This is my book.

What is this?     This is his house.

What is this?      This is a  pen.

What is this?     This is a school.

What is this?     This is an orange.

What is this?     This is an association for helping poor people.

What is this?     This is an office.

 

What is that? That is Karanji Lake.

 

What is that? That is my book.

 

What is that? That is his house.

 

What is that? That is a  pen.

 

What is that? That is a school.

 

What is that? That is an orange.

 

What is that That is an association for helping poor people.

 

What is that? That is an office.

 

Who is he? He is a social worker.

Who is he? He is  Anna Hazare.

Who is he? He is my uncle.

Who is he? He is the mayor of Mysore.

Who is he? He is my good friend.

Who is he? He is an engineer.

Who is he? He is the owner of this house.

Who is he? He is my boyfriend.

 

Who is she? She is a social worker.

 

Who is she? She is  Thimmakka.

Who is she? She is my aunt.

Who is she? She s the mayor of Mysore.

Who is she? She is my good friend.

 

Who is she? She is an engineer.

 

Who is she? She is the owner of this house.

 

Who is she? She is my girlfriend.

 

What are these?   These are birds from Australia.

What are these?   These are emus

What are these?   These are trees.

What are these?   These are eucalyptus trees.

What are these?   These are temples

What are these?   These are temples for  3 gods in one building.

What are those? Those are birds from Australia.

 

What are those? Those are emus

 

What are those? Those are trees.

 

What are those? Those are eucalyptus trees.

 

What are those? Those are temples

 

What are those? Those are temples for  3 gods in one building.

 

Who are they? They are students.

Who are they? They are farmers.   [farmer = raitha]

Who are they? They are boys from  Maharaja’s school.

Who are they? They are girls from Maharani’s school.

Who are they? They are  Maya’s boyfriends.

Who are they? They are  Krishna’s girlfriends.

Who are they? They are 

 

What are they? also can be used.  Here, no idea of near or far. they can mean these or those.

 

There are some stones on the table. What are they?  They are uncut diamonds.  They are very costly.

I saw many  Cds in your house. What are they?   They are spoken English lessons for my class. 

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INFORMATION SHEET 1B

THIS, THAT, THESE THOSE, THEY

 This is used for things nearby.         That is used for things far away.

Mostly “THIS and THAT” are used for only things and not persons.

For persons ‘HE and SHE’ are used both for near and far.

THIS (singular)    -  HESE (plural)          THAT (Singular)   -   THOSE (plural)

HE (singular)   -   THEY (plural)             SHE (singular)   -       THEY (plural)

Eg.

What is this?  This is Karanji lake. 

 What is this?  This is my book.       

What is this?  This is his house.

 What is that? That is a bird.   

What is that?  That is a Chamundi hill.       

What is that?  That is Tiger, our dog.

Who is he?   He is my brother.

 Who is he?   He is Anna Hazare.              

 Who is he?    He is a social worker.

 Who is she? She is Priyanka.                       

 Who is she?     She is an actress.

 What are those?   Those are Emus.            

 What are Emus?  Emus are [Australian] birds.           

What are those? Those are temples.                

What are these?   These are Vadas.

What are they?   They are students.           [ More correct  Who are they? ] 

What are they?     They are farmers.          [ More correct  Who are they? ]                                                                                 (farmer=gÉÊvÀ)

 

‘IT’ also is used instead of ‘THAT’.

But ‘IT’ has special uses.          ‘IT’=THIS      ‘IT’=THAT         ‘IT’=THIS/THAT‘

      Eg. What is it? It is my nose (near)               Eg. What is it? It is a tree (far)

IT’=abstract noun     (See information noun)

          Yoga is a good exercise.      It helps all persons.  (IT=YOGA)

          Walking is a good exercise.     It helps all persons.   (IT=WALIKING)

          The Cigarette is bad. It is bad for health.    (IT=CIGARETTE)

           Smoking cigarettes is bad.   It is bad for health.   (IT=SMOKING)

           The food is good. It helps the hungry person      (IT=FOOD)

           Serving food to hungry persons is good.  

            It helps the serving person.    (IT=SERVING FOOD …)

           IT will help if you agree.   (IT=agreeing)      

            IT is our duty to vote.      (IT=to vote=voting)

           Did it rain yesterday? It is raining now. It is very hot, isn’t it?

          Here    (‘IT’=SOMETHING not mentioned earlier and not  told here )

 

‘THAT’ also is used in special cases. (used along with ‘WHICH’)

 That which measures volts is a voltmeter.

  That which is used for typing is a type-writer. Etc….(Here ‘this’, ‘it’… do not come)

‘THAT’ is also a linker.    ( =connecting word)

     Eg,1. He said that he came, he saw, he conquered.

     Eg.2.Her name is Jalaja    which means ‘lotus’

    Here ‘WHICH’ is a connecting word instead of ‘Which’, ‘that’ also  can be used

Thus, her name is Jalaja, which means ‘lotus’.

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